Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory,
and progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show very
individual courses of disease, with RA focusing on the musculoskeletal system, joints are often
severely affected, leading to local inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. To prevent
joint damage and physical disability as one of many symptoms of RA, early diagnosis is critical. Autoantibodies
play a pivotal clinical role in patients with systemic RA. As biomarkers, they could help
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