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Spironolactone is a potassium sparing diuretic that was originally developed in the early 1970s, as a competitive antagonist of aldosterone for the treatment of hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia and edematous status as nephrotic syndrome. Recent studies on this drug has concentrated on its effect in patients with left sided H F as …

As cancer is resulted from molecular genetic defects, many drugs were designed to reach at the affected site that block the cancer growth by interfering with particular molecules included in carcinogenesis and they may be more effective than conventional treatments and less harmful to normal cells. these are called targeted …

Malaria is protozoan of the common intended diseases and cause by of Plasmodium genus parasite and killed more than millions individuals of the world. The World Health Organization reported in 2018 through period from 2015-2017 that no fundamental advance was in reduce worldwide malaria casesin this time. There are 4 …

Ectopic pregnancy (EP)or called extra uterine pregnancy, is a growing of fertilized egg outside a woman’s uterus, somewhere else in their belly. In more than 90% of cases, the egg implants in a fallopian tube, this is called a tubal pregnancy It can cause life-threatening bleeding and needs medical care …

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the main cause of disability and increased health-care expense worldwide, leading to mortality and morbidity in most countries. Coronary Artety Disease(CAD) is multifactorial disease, its cause may be interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Many studies referred to that 40% to 60% CAD occurrence had …

In Europe in the 1960s, the usage of thalidomide (Fig. 1) resulted in a catastrophe. Pregnant women were given the medication to help with morning sickness. Later research revealed that the S-enantiomer was to blame for these side effects, and that the R-enantiomer had the intended therapeutic efficacy. Recent research …

Adult patients with beta thalassemia will now have an FDA-approved treatment available with luspatercept-aamt (Reblozyl). The therapy treats the rare inherited blood disorder, which requires patients to have regular red blood cell transfusions. People with beta thalassemia often have lifelong regimens of chronic blood transfusions in order to survive, and …

Biomaterials are materials of natural or man-made origin that are used to directly supplement or replace the functions of living tissue. A biomaterial which is able to exist within the physiological environment without any significant adverse effect to the body, or significant adverse effect on the material is said to …

The nuclear receptor 4A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR4A1 gene . (NR4A1) is a member of the NR4A nucleareceptor family of intracellular transcription factors.[6][8] NR4A1 is involved in cell c cycle mediation, inflammation and apoptosis. Nuclear receptor 4A1 plays a key role in mediating …

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) considered as a pale amber color vinegar made up from apple must and used as spices or preservatives . ACV chemically defined as a diluted aqueous solution of ethanoic acid HC2H3O2 that is created biochemically through alcoholic fermentation and acid fermentation by the role of acetobacter …