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Apple cider vinegar (ACV) considered as a pale amber color vinegar made up from apple must and used as spices or preservatives . ACV chemically defined as a diluted aqueous solution of ethanoic acid HC2H3O2 that is created biochemically through alcoholic fermentation and acid fermentation by the role of acetobacter …

First human cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19, subsequently named SARS-CoV-2 were first reported by officials in Wuhan City, China, in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in early January and its genetic sequence shared publicly on 11-12 January. The full genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 …

Lec. Samer Ali Hasan Toxoplasmosis is an important cosmopolitan disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a parasitic protozoan that propagate intracellularly. The disease is globally disseminated and can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates and about one-third of humans. Ninety percent of child bearing women with T. gondii infection do not exhibit symptoms. …

Dunya Lafta Mohammed Departemnt of Pharmacognacy, Pharmacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq; Email: dunyal.mohammed@uokufa.edu.iq Tel/Fax: +9647805057667 Flavonoids are substances of hydroxylated phenolic groups identified to be powerful free radical scavengers have drawn huge consideration as potential therapeutics approaching free radical-mediated disorders, especially diabetes mellitus. These flavonoids have brought a huge …

Oxidative stress is a misbalance in cell redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions resulting in the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased antioxidant defense . Over time this disruption in the balance between free radicals and antioxidants can injure our tissues. Oxidative stress affects (harmful event) all cell macromolecules including To …

Green Chemistry”, “Green Engineering” and “sustainability” are often used interchangeably to describe the concept of making processes and products that have less environmental impact and are (ideally) based on renewable resources. However, if one examines these concepts more deeply, it will become clear that there are significant differences in their …

Solar energy is one of the fastest growing power generation technologies in the world, and while solar energy offers great benefits, the obstacles and problems around solar energy can obscure its true potential. What is meant by solar energy? It is clean energy that is usually produced directly through the …

Several studies have shown that a different types of pesticides, can caused serious problems in both male and female animals, including infertility even when they used in low concentrations . Vitamin E is present in fatty foods and, its lipophilic so it allows being stored within the fatty tissues. All …

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin naturally present in some foods and available as a dietary supplement. Humans, are unable to synthesize vitamin C endogenously, so it is an essential dietary component. Vitamin C is required for the biosynthesis of collagen, L-carnitine, and certain neurotransmitters. The collagen is an essential …

Asst. Prof. Dr. Abbas M. Selman Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa. Email:abbasm.salman@uokufa.edu.iq Biomaterials are materials of natural or man-made origin that are used to directly supplement or replace the functions of living tissue. A biomaterial which is able to exist within the physiological …